GLEE presentation... from Hannah C on Vimeo.
Thursday 21 July 2011
Saturday 16 July 2011
Some definitions...
Intertexuality: This is when one text refers to another. For example references to Alice in Wonderland are often made in other texts. In this video of footage from The Simpsons video game, Homer makes clear reference to Alice in Wonderland.
Borrowed interest: This is when one text uses another to gain interest. Often used in advertising; a production company will approach a celebrity and ask them to feature in television adverts, billboards etc and endorse the product. People who like the featured celebrity will often go out and purchase the product, just because the celebrity endorsed it. E.g. the Gilette Razor Blade company using famous male sporting personalities.
Audience theories: There are many theories about how an audience are effected by a media text; here are just a few.
- Hyperdermic syringe: Views audiences as passive receivers.
- Cultivation theory: Says that we form views about people from what we see in the media based on representations and stereotypes.
- Desensitisation: The more violence we see in media, the less we are effected by it.
- Copycat theory: Individuals copy the actions of those they see in the media.
- Uses and gratifications: What people do with the media to satisfy their social needs.
- Reception theory: How different individuals can take different meaning from a text.
- Ethnography: Looking at people's responses to a media from their point of view.
- Postmodernism: Analysing the boundaries between reality and media.
The two-step flow of communication: This idea was first introduced by Paul Lazarsfeld in 1944, then further developed by himself and Elihu Katz 11 years later. They said that "mass media is channeled to the 'masses' through opinion leadership. The people with the most access to media, and having a more literate understanding of media content, explain and diffuse the content to others".
Borrowed interest: This is when one text uses another to gain interest. Often used in advertising; a production company will approach a celebrity and ask them to feature in television adverts, billboards etc and endorse the product. People who like the featured celebrity will often go out and purchase the product, just because the celebrity endorsed it. E.g. the Gilette Razor Blade company using famous male sporting personalities. Audience theories: There are many theories about how an audience are effected by a media text; here are just a few.
- Hyperdermic syringe: Views audiences as passive receivers.
- Cultivation theory: Says that we form views about people from what we see in the media based on representations and stereotypes.
- Desensitisation: The more violence we see in media, the less we are effected by it.
- Copycat theory: Individuals copy the actions of those they see in the media.
- Uses and gratifications: What people do with the media to satisfy their social needs.
- Reception theory: How different individuals can take different meaning from a text.
- Ethnography: Looking at people's responses to a media from their point of view.
- Postmodernism: Analysing the boundaries between reality and media.
Friday 15 July 2011
Semiology
Semiology is way in which some people try to discover the various meanings created for their audience. This includes denotation, connotation, context and anchorage.
Denotation: The literal meaning of a text. E.g. the actual items/people/colours etc in a text.
Connotation: The feelings that the componants in a text suggest. E.g. the colour red suggests anger, danger or love (depending on the context).
Context: The circumstances that form the settings for a text and how it can be fully understood and assessed. E.g. red on a warning sign shows danger, but red on a loveheart shows love.
Anchorage: The function of a piece of accompanying wording to a media text. E.g. a caption along with an image on a poster.
Anchorage can have a big impact on the connotations of a text, so much so that the slighest change in the wording of a caption to an image for a poster can drastically change the whole meaning of the text.
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Denotation: A dirty-faced boy, with glasses and a scar on his forehead has red lighting on his face. Clouds and a building in the background.
Connotation: He's 'dirty-faced' has a scar possibly from a battle/conflict, the red lights on his face could represent blood.
Context: Because we are aware that this famous face is Harry Potter, we can presume our connotations are still true.
Anchorage: The current caption is 'IT ALL ENDS 7.15'. If we changed this to 'I think I need a shower', there would be a totally different effect created.
Denotation: The literal meaning of a text. E.g. the actual items/people/colours etc in a text.
Connotation: The feelings that the componants in a text suggest. E.g. the colour red suggests anger, danger or love (depending on the context).
Context: The circumstances that form the settings for a text and how it can be fully understood and assessed. E.g. red on a warning sign shows danger, but red on a loveheart shows love.
Anchorage: The function of a piece of accompanying wording to a media text. E.g. a caption along with an image on a poster.
Anchorage can have a big impact on the connotations of a text, so much so that the slighest change in the wording of a caption to an image for a poster can drastically change the whole meaning of the text.
Connotation: He's 'dirty-faced' has a scar possibly from a battle/conflict, the red lights on his face could represent blood.
Context: Because we are aware that this famous face is Harry Potter, we can presume our connotations are still true.
Anchorage: The current caption is 'IT ALL ENDS 7.15'. If we changed this to 'I think I need a shower', there would be a totally different effect created.
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